Cultural changes and urbanization have led to a shrinking market for Chitrakoot’s wooden toys and a decline in the number of traditional toymakers, yet a few carry on, hoping for the best about the craft’s future
The mountains, river and lush green landscape lend a special charm to Chitrakoot, which means hills of many wonders. Chitrakoot is known for its wooden handicraft, toys in particular. Making of wooden handicraft is an age-old tradition in this small town, located in the border of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, about 280km from Allahabad and 92km from Satna.
The jungles of Chitrakoot supply Dudhi Sundari and Koraiya woods, with which the handicrafts are made. The tapping, sawing and drilling sounds associated with woodwork that rang through the village has diminished much.
Making and selling of the handicraft that sustained more than 200 families earlier lacks patronage now, due to urbanization and better appeal of modern toys.
The district, designated as backward by the Uttar Pradesh government, has reasonable employment opportunities for the educated since there are two government universities and a few schools. However, artisans’ livelihood has been affected due to fall in demand.
Dying art
As his fingers moved to and fro to carve the perfect shape of a bangle stand, 45-year-old Bhagvati Singh recounted about his grandfather who used to make 100 toys in a day. The artisans were able to sell their wares from small outlets in religious places and through exhibitions.
With urbanization, housing needs have led to lack of open spaces for craftsmen to set up temporary stalls during tourist season and festivals. They manage to sell the handicraft items through local exhibitions for their livelihood.
The craftsmen find no market or demand for handmade wooden toys nowadays. “My art and passion for toy making are not enough to sustain my family,” Gorelal Rajput, a craftsperson with state and national awards to his credit, told VillageSquare.in.
From 200-odd families making and selling Chitrakoot toys and handicraft, the number of families who depend solely on this art form to sustain themselves has come down to about 30.
Family affair
Bhagvati’s father Bihari Singh was also a well-known craftsperson. Thakurs and Brahmins who generally practice the art form pass it down through generations. Traditionally, the entire family, including the women, participated in the making of the wooden handicrafts. “My mother and aunts would finish their chores and join the men to lend a hand,” Bhagvati told VillageSquare.in.
Kanchanlata, Bhagvati’s mother, concurred. “I would take up coloring work, after my husband and sons finished the carving,” said Kanchanlata. “Women have a good sense of colors and are good at coloring.”
Changing aspirations
Impressed by what he observed, Bhagvati learnt the intricacies of crafting toys from his father and took it up as his vocation. He understands that lifestyles and mindset of the younger generation has changed. “I don’t want my children to live the life I do,” he said.
Watching Bhagvati struggle to earn a reasonable income, his three wards are not willing to carry the tradition forward. According to them, Chitrakoot toys are a good-for-nothing craft. Raja, the elder son is pursuing his bachelor’s degree in electronic engineering. He looks forward to moving to a city for better job opportunities.
Raja said that he had seen his father work day and night to overcome the fear of shortage of food and education fees. “I respect what my father does and am proud of it,” Raja told VillageSquare.in. “But I can’t take it up if I want to prosper financially and ensure better education for my younger siblings.”
Gorelal’s family members are supportive and proud of what he does. However, his children do not want to continue with the toy making tradition, since they feel that they can take up other jobs that would give them better and sustained income.
Challenges
The craftsmen said that the government provides them wood only once a year at the subsidized rate of Rs 500 per quintal. This quantity does not suffice the annual need. They do not buy the stock for an entire year because of lack of funds and lack of storage space.
The wood they get is raw, with just the external bark removed. The artisans have to carry out the entire process of peeling the hard layers off and filing the wood to make it ready for carving. Filing releases a lot of tiny particles in the atmosphere that may cause respiratory problems.
Once they run out of the wood supplied by the government, they buy from private dealers who supply sawed sticks at Rs 50 per stick. The craftsmen make up to four small toys from one stick.
Facilities for craftsmen to showcase and sell their completed products are also limited.
Lingering hope
Various towns in Uttar Pradesh including Mirzapur, Saharanpur, Bijnor and Varanasi have traditional craftsmen making wooden handicraft. However, Chitrakoot artisans have always considered their wooden handicraft as a prime art form, taking pride in making them.
Known for its mythological importance from the time of Ramayana, Chitrakoot is an important pilgrimage and tourism hub. The craftsmen hope to continue selling their handiwork from temporary stalls during festivals.
Gorelal conveyed apprehensions about the future of the tradition since the children of the present day craftsmen are not keen to take it up and they lack government support. “If there are training centers, I’m sure people would join and save the craft from dying,” he told VillageSquare.in.
Gorelal’s pride in his craft was obvious when he showed his warehouse full of wooden idols, bangle stands, lattoos or spinning tops, key rings and other toys. He and his fellow craftsmen who have held on to the traditional art form are hopeful that they would be able to cope with changing market trends. No matter how bad the situation turns, they said they would cherish and continue the tradition.
Jigyasa Mishra is a writer based out of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
